Technology relates to both the physical aspects of machines,
equipment, processes and work layout, and the actual methods,
systems and procedures involved in the carrying out of work.
Technology is therefore a major influence on the general
climate of the organization and the behavior of people at work.


During a study in a new American car assembly, developed by
Chrysler, Walker and Guest, researchers examined the effects of
mass production. They describe the characteristics of assembly
line as: repetitious and machine paced; involving a minimum of
skill; using predetermined techniques with no choice of tools
or methods; and closely defined divisions of the production
process. The workers were able to perform their jobs with only
‘surface mental attention'.

The nature of the job, the technological layout and the high
level of noise restricted the amount of social interaction and
contacts that workers could have with each other. The
opportunities for interpersonal relationships were important,
and when these were missing the workers felt deprived. The
workers' main contact with authority was through the
supervisors and this was an important factor in job
satisfaction. There was little contact with the managers and as
a result relationships with management were considered of little
importance. They also had a higher rate of absenteeism than
workers did in jobs with fewer characteristics of mass
production.

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Although these negative results exist in most of today's
business units, information technology can have a severe
positive impact on job satisfaction. New patterns of work
organization are demanded, the nature and content of individual
jobs is altered, the function and structure of work groups is
subject to change, supervision systems are being renewed,
responsibilities are shifted, and the management task adopts a
new role.

Speaking generally, the major effect of computers, robots, and
other new technologies on job design seems to be that the role
of the human half of the partnership has changed, not that it
has become less important. The new technology is creating a
need for better-trained employees, in almost every case. The
computerization of the banking industry has considerably
expanded not diminished, teller training needs for example.

Because automation increase the need for skilled employees,
research finds that the people who see automation as a threat
to their job security tend to be skilled in opposition to those
with higher skill levels. Employees with high skill levels react
more favorably, seeing the situation as creating opportunities
for them to expand their work skills.

About The Author: Kadence Buchanan writes articles for
forsocietiessake.com